U of T Stakeholder Study Guides Research on Canada’s School Food Programs

Early results from a student-led analysis at the University of Toronto are highlighting the perceptions of parents and caregivers around school food programs, and suggesting ways a national school food program could better meet the nutrition needs of children.

The stakeholder study, which includes online surveys and focus groups, show parents and caregivers in the Greater Toronto Area are concerned about limited access to current programs and the ability of schools to provide culturally appropriate food, among other issues.  

“The need for universality in school food programs has really been a key theme of our research to date,” said Selina Mae Quibrantar, a master’s student at the Temerty Faculty of Medicine who is leading the caregiver analysis with direction from Vasanti Malik, an assistant professor in the department of nutritional sciences.

“Universality means broad access to programs, which was a problem before the pandemic and has since worsened, but also local flexibility so that schools can adapt programs for their physical environments and diverse student populations,” Quibrantar said.

The study is part of a larger research effort launched by U of T researchers at the Joannah & Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, called Feeding Kids, Nourishing Minds, which looks at how school food programs function across Canada.

“A key goal with Feeding Kids, Nourishing Minds is a broadly inclusive approach, and I hope our study will help enable that — in particular through parental and community knowledge, which is often missing from policymaking on child nutrition,” Quibrantar said.

Preliminary results showed child participation in school food programs in the Greater Toronto Area was only about 65 per cent, and that many parents and caregivers commented on program reductions including less food and fewer days of access per week after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Public health restrictions forced some of those changes as the pandemic began, but food inflation costs have since become a fearsome challenge to school food programs in Toronto and elsewhere, Quibrantar said.

In addition, some schools lack kitchen facilities and volunteers to help prepare food while meeting health and safety guidelines, the study showed.

Caregiver perspectives, especially those from ethnic minority households, have received little attention in child nutrition research, Quibrantar said. Here too, the stakeholder analysis is helping fill a knowledge gap.

The researchers recently ran four focus groups with caregivers from households that identify as South Asian and Southeast Asian, and found participants stressed the importance of culturally adapted food in school programs. “It’s important to caregivers that children see their own culture’s food served in schools, to foster a sense of belonging and inclusion,” Quibrantar said.

As well, caregivers emphasized the need for an intentional approach when bringing foods from various cultures into school food programs.

“Caregivers want a program that is meaningful and does not run the risk of cultural appropriation,” Quibrantar said. “They instead see programs as a way to teach about cultural heritage and sustainability, such as where a food comes from and how it’s made, or by taking time to learn about a culture while sampling the food.”

Quibrantar has presented early results from a pilot study to colleagues in Nutritional Sciences at U of T, and will share more findings at the Canadian Nutrition Society annual conference in May.

She and researchers from the Feeding Kids, Nourishing Minds project will also work findings from the overall stakeholder analysis into a dashboard that will be availble on the Lawson Centre website, for sharing with other researchers, schools, non-profit groups and policymakers later this year.

Feeding Kids, Nourishing Minds is funded by a $2 million investment from President’s Choice Children’s Charity, and by the Joannah & Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition at the University of Toronto.